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The primary function of a fuse in an electrical circuit is to protect the circuit by breaking it in case of excessive current flow. Fuses are designed to handle a specific maximum current level. When the current exceeds this level, typically due to a short circuit or overload, the fuse will heat up and melt, thereby interrupting the circuit. This action prevents further damage to the electrical components and reduces the risk of fire hazards.

By ensuring that excessive current does not pass through the circuit, fuses play a crucial safety role in protecting not only the wiring and devices connected to the circuit but also the overall electrical system. This protection mechanism is vital for maintaining the integrity and safety of electrical installations.